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"A new air-borne aliyah begins: Ezra and Nehemiah. Within a year it will have brought some 120,000 Iraqi Jews to Israel."(Naor, Zionism: Timeline Articles, Documents and Glossary. The Jewish Agency for Israel, The Publishing House of The Zionist Library, 2002, p. 148)
The state of Israel initiated several operations to bring Jews from the Diaspora to Israel. Operation "Ezra and Nehemia" was one of them. The Central Zionist Archives include some emotional photographs of the Jewish migrates to the young state, as well as correspondence regarding the operation in the aliyah division.